Narration Rules Chart with Examples and Answer|Direct and Indirect Speech Rules Chart

NARRATION

Words expressing nearness are generally changed into words expressing distance. Thus …

Rules

• Now is change into then
• This is change into that
• These is change into those
• Come is change into go
• Here is change into there
• Ago is change into before
• Today is change into that day
• Thus is change into so
• Tomorrow is change into the next day
• Yesterday is change into the day before or the previous day.
• Last night is change into the night before or the previous night.
• Tonight is change into that night.

First Person	Second Person	Third Person
I	You	He, She
My	Your	His, Her
Me	You	Him, Her
We	You	They
Our	Your	Their
Us	You	The

Direct Speech- In the direct speech we use inverted commas to mark off the exact words of the speaker.

In Direct Speech – we use neither exact words of the speaker nor the inverted commas.

Reporting Speech- The speech which the Reporting verb actually reports is called the reporting speech.

Change of Tense:-

1.    The tense of the Reporting Verb is never changed.

2.    The tense of the Reported Speech is changed as under:-

a.     If the tense of the Reporting verb is present or future, the tense of the verb in the Reported Speech is not changed.

b.    If the tense of the Reporting verb is past, the tense of the verb in the Reported Speech is changed into the corresponding past tense.

 

1.   Present Indefinite is changed into Past indefinite.

2.   Present Continuous is changed into Past Continuous.

3.   Present Perfect is changed into Past Perfect

4.   Present Perfect Continuous is changed into Past Perfect Continuous

5.   Past Indefinite is changed into Past Perfect

6.   Past continuous is changed into Past Perfect Continuous.

Examples:-      

1. Change of Tenses

Direct	Indirect
Ram Says to me, ‘I   am going home’’	Ram tells me   that he is going home
Ram said, ‘I go   home ’’	Ram said that   he want home.
Ram said, ‘I have   gone home’’	Ram said that   he had gone home.
Ram said, ‘I have   been going home.’’	Ram said that   he had been going home.
Ram said, ‘I went   home’’	Ram said that   he had gone home.
Ram said, ‘I shall   be going home.’’	Ram said that   he would be going home.
Ram said, ‘I Shall   have gone home.’’	Ram said that   he would have gone home.
Ram said, ‘I shall have   been going home.’’	Ram said that   he would have been going home.
Ram said, ‘I was   going home	Ram said that   he had been going home.
Ram said, ‘he shall   go home.’’	Ram said that   he would go home.

2. UNIVERSAL TRUTHS

Direct	Indirect
He   said, ‘God is great.’’	He   said that God is great.
The   boy said, ‘I take exercise daily.’’	The   bay said that he takes exercise daily.
The   teacher said, ‘The first Battle of Panipat was fought in 1526.’’	The   teacher said that the First Battle of Panipat was fought in 1526.
‘Gandhiji   believed in non-violence,’’ said the Prime Minister.	The   Prime Minister said that Gandhiji believed in non-violence,

3. INTEROGATIVE SENTENCES

Direct	Indirect
The   teacher said to me, ‘Are you feeling well today?’’	The   teacher asked me if I was feeling well that day.
The   traveller said to me, ‘can you tell me the way to the nearest inn?’’	The   traveller asked me if I could tell him the way to the nearest inn.
Hari   said to his father, ‘May I go to the picture tonight?’’	Hari   asked his father if he might go to the picture that night.
I   said to her, ‘Do you want my help?’’	I   asked her if she wanted my help.
She   said, ‘Kamla, do you want my help?’’	She   asked kamla if she wanted my help.
She   said, ‘Kamla, do you like this book?’’	She   asked Kamla if she like that book.
He   said to the old man, “What do you want ?’	He   asked the old man what he wanted.
Soham   said to her, if you fail, what will you do’’	Soham   asked her what she would do if she failed.

4. IMMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Direct	Indirect
The teacher said to boy, ‘Shut the door.’’	The teacher asked the boy to shut the door.
Mohan said to me, ‘Trust in God and do the right.’’	Mohan requested me to trust in God and to do the right.
Mohan said to Rajan, ‘Please go to the station with me.’’	Mohan requested Rajan to go to the station with him
The boy said, ‘Papa ! Forgive me this time.”	The boy begged his papa to forgive him that time.
I said to my teacher, “Pardon me, sir.”	I respectfully begged my teacher to pardon me.

5.   EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

Direct	Indirect
She said, “May you succeed, My son!”	She prayed for the success of her son.
He said, “What a great misery!”	He exclaimed with sorrow that it was a great misery.
The merchant said, “Alas! I am ruined.”	The merchant exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
Anita said, “Goodbye, my friend,”	Anita bade her friend goodbye.